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为何种普遍主义辩护？ [Which Universalism to Defend?]
童, 世骏
童, 世骏
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Abstract
普遍主义确实需要辩护，但为了对普遍主义进行真正有效的辩护，必须对普遍主义到底 是什么意思，它有哪些变种，这些变种分别回答和提出了哪些问题等等，作进一步的讨论。我 们在为普遍主义辩护的时候要重视普遍主义的复杂含义、普遍主义立场与普遍主义政策之间的 复杂关系；我们所要辩护的普遍主义立场不仅是文化普遍主义，而且是受价值普遍主义、尤其 是道德普遍主义支持的文化普遍主义。这种意义上的文化普遍主义既超越西方中心论和中国文 化特殊主义，同时又对文化的多样性有高度敏感性、对特殊文化丰富普遍文化的可能性有高度 开放性。说到底，这种把特殊主义包括在内的普遍主义既不是一种单纯的事实，也不是一个单 纯的理想，而是建立在不同文化的人们共同的能力、潜力和规律的基础之上、有待于通过自觉 明智的交往实践和社会实践加以建构的美好未来。 [Surely universalism deserves defending, but in order to have a more fruitful defending we need to have further discussions on the meaning of universalism, its varieties and the questions derived therefrom. In defending universalism we should pay more attention to the complex implications of the term, the complex relation between universalism as a position and universalism as a policy. The universalism we want to defend is not only a cultural universalism, but also one that is supported by a value universalism in the form of moral universalism, and it not only goes beyond the Chinese culture particularism as well as Westcentrism, but also is highly sensitive to the cultural diversities and widely open to the possibilities that unique cultures may enrich shared cultures. Universalism in this sense, which contains particularism in itself, is in a word neither a mere fact, nor a mere ideal, but an attractive future to be constructed by the self-conscious and enlightened efforts of people of different cultures through their communications and social practices on the basis of their shared capabilities, potentialities and social-historical laws. ]
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2007
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