Almocera, Reuel U.2019-09-252019-09-252016-05-1320001908-4862http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/152432" Filipinos had a worldview and a religion of their own even before SpanishCatholic Christianity came to the Philippines in the mid-sixteenth century.' They believed in the existence of a supreme creator being, whom they called Bathala.2 Aside from their own social structure, they also believed in an invisible society coexisting with their own. This society was believed to be inhabited by spirits which included dead ancestors, deities, and lesser gods. Pre-Hispanic Filipinos respected these spirits with rituals and feast days, because these supernatural beings were considered able to preside over the whole gamut of life, including birth, sickness, death, courtship, marriage, planting, harvesting, and death. Some of these spirits were considered friendly; others were viewed as tyrannical enemies."engCreative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)religionFilipinosCatholic ChristianityProtestantismReigionReligious ethicsChristian denominationsRoman CatholicDogmaticsHoly SpiritPopular filipino Spirit-world beliefs, with a proposed theological responseArticle