Mamdani, BashirMamdani, Meenal2019-09-252019-09-252011-03-112006-070975-5691http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/176842"This policy limits family size, encourages late marriage and childbearing, and the spacing of children when second children are permitted. Family planning committees at local levels develop local strategies. The one-child rule applies only to urban residents and government employees. In rural areas, a second child is allowed after five years, if the first is a girl. A third child is sanctioned in some ethnic minorities and in remote, under-populated areas. Economic incentives for compliance, substantial fines, confiscation of property and loss of job, etc. are used to enforce the policy. The policy is based on universal access to contraception and abortion."engWith permission of the license/copyright holderpopulation policychildChinese EthicsBioethicsSocial ethicsSexual orientation/genderMedical ethicsHealth ethicsArticle