Choi, Chong JuKim, Sae Won2019-09-252019-09-252010-11-2420101940-1485http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/175983Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which are informal communities of participation, have become a promising avenue for research on international management and economic development (Buckley, 2002). We propose that NGOs, through their local knowledge and participation, have the potential to link foreign institutions to their local counterparts. We also introduce the emerging role of NGOs as major actors in the global business environment with their dual voices: a voice at an economic level and a voice at a more social or institutional level. Prior research in international management and international political economy has focused on the bargaining relationship between NGOs, MNCs, and governments. The present paper examines the bridging role of NGOs in institutional knowledge transfer and their "dual voice."engWith permission of the license/copyright holderethicsnon governmental organizationinformal sectorEconomic ethicsBusiness ethicsArticle