De Castro, Juan Arturo Iluminado C.2019-09-252019-09-252010-11-01201000461121http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/175843"In the field of law, Manila Bay is the setting for a landmark case in environmental protection that has gained worldwide recognition. In December of 2008, the Philippine Supreme Court upheld the issuance of a writ of mandamus against twelve government agencies to clean up Manila Bay. Metropolitan Manila Development Authority v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay (MMDA) is important because it is evidence of the growing general state practice of recognizing the right to a balanced and healthful ecology. Such evidence may also support the recognition of this right as opinio juris, another element in establishing customary international environmental law. This case may be of particular interest to the United States because it involves mandamus, which the United States shares in common with its former colony." (p. 1-2)engWith permission of the license/copyright holderclimate ethicsenvironmental protectionlawEnvironmental ethicsResources ethicsArticle