GOTŌ, Toshifumi2019-09-252019-09-252013-12-252005-07http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/198377The teaching of Gotama Buddha, which aims to deliver the ordinary people from their concrete suffering, tends to observe phenomena of human life more realistically than his forerunners and endeavors to elucidate the causality of existence in Saṁsāra without admitting the existence of “the eternal subject of existence”, i.e. Ātman, thus resulting in the doctrine of Pratītyasamutpāda.engCreative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5)Ethical PriniciplesYajnavalkyaHindu ethicsReligious ethicsSpirituality and ethicsMethods of ethicsPhilosophical ethicsCommunity ethicsLifestyle ethicsYājñavalkya’s Characterization of the Ātman and the Four Kinds of Suffering in early BuddhismArticle