Donaldson, BrianneRice University2020-03-052020-03-052017-01-052016-12-261747-541410.1558/rsth.32551http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/3870126Abstaining from meat consumption has persistently been a source of debate within religious communities, often functioning as a center pivot around which theological or philosophical orthodoxy and orthopraxy turns. Drawing upon diverse ancient practices, motivations, and textual perspectives in Judaism, Christianity, and Indic traditions along with contemporary religious vegetarians, this essay maps three stages that religious communities have historically grappled with, are presently attempting, and must continue to tackle, as they re/consider eating animals and animal by-products as part of their ethical identities and community meals: (1) critical, deconstructive engagement of textual multiplicity and interpretive authority, (2) robust analysis of human supremacy in light of animal behavioral studies, new materialist science, and empathic experience, and (3) constructing imaginative coalitions beyond species, institutional boundaries, and cultural identities.engCopyright 2016 Equinox Publishingjudaismjainismnew materialismveganismcritical animal studiesanimal welfarevegetarian empiricismchristianityanimal rightsnatural theologyArticle