大自然的灵性 [The Spiritulism of Nature]

Qu, Jin

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大自然的灵性 [The Spiritulism of Nature]

Qu, Jin

Abstract

20世纪60年代环境运动兴起以来，基督教与生态之间的张力成为学术界重要的争议课题之一。批评者指出，“精神与自然对立”等一系列二元论倾向、对自然的“祛魅”和宰制等都表明了基督教的生态消极性。与此相对，美国自然文学是生态积极性的文化典型，但其早期的发展受基督教因素影响。基督教传统内的自然象征作品融合了大自然与精神并影响了自然文学的思想。美国清教殖民地时期的基督教自然象征散文构成了早期美国自然文学的一部分。清教神学家爱德华兹的大自然具有启示意义的思想预示了自然文学思想启蒙者爱默生。基督教《圣经》荒野与炼净的思维模式、避难所到伊甸园的转化意涵，既影响了信仰内的早期清教徒，又影响了脱离传统基督教信仰的自然文学经典作家梭罗。基督教对大自然的积极态度有深层的清教神学和加尔文神学因素。爱德华兹把解经预表学思想应用到大自然，突出了自然神学中自然之美的进路。通过爱德华兹与爱默生的类型学分析和爱德华兹神学的生态承诺，集中剖析爱德华兹的自然文学作品和观念，可以更好地对比理解主流自然文学的复杂性，也同时显明了基督教内部传统的文化影响力。基督教与生态之间的张力与上帝超越和临在的神学争议密切相关。以爱德华兹为例，基督教神学对大自然灵性与美的发掘，为自然文学等相关艺术实践提供了可能的宗教视角。 [Since the development of environmentalism in 1960s, the tension between Christianity and ecology becomes an important controversial issue in the academic field. The critics pointed out that a series of dualism, such as "conflict between spirit and nature", etc. and the disenchantment and domination to nature, etc. show the ecological negativity of Christianity. In contrast, American nature writing is the typical culture in ecological positiveness. However, the early development thereof is affected by the Christianity. The natural symbol works within the tradition of Christianity mix the nature and spirit together and affect the thoughts of natural writing. The natural symbolic prose of Christianity during the American Puritan colonial period constitutes an integral part of American nature writing.]

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2014

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大自然的灵性 [The Spiritulism of Nature]

Qu, Jin

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