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The BRAID Study Design: Believing We can Reduce the Aboriginal Incidence of Diabetes
Kaler, Sharndeep S. King, Malcolm Toth, Ellen L.
Kaler, Sharndeep S.
King, Malcolm
Toth, Ellen L.
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The fact that Sandy Lake holds a record, of sorts, as having the third highest prevalence of diabetes in the world is more a tragedy than a source of prestige . . . it is imperative that we salvage the next generation from the ravages that are plaguing this generation. The preventable nature of this complex combination of physical and social calamity demands action. Harry Meekis, Sandy Lake First Nation (Elliott 1997). Type 2 diabetes incidence, prevalence, complications, and costs are increasing worldwide (Rubin et al. 1994, Simpson et al. 2003, Venkat Narayan et al. 2000, Zimmet 2000). By 2025 it is estimated that 333 million people will have diabetes, most of whom will inhabit China, India, and the United States (King et al. 1998). Ethnicity appears to be an important predictor of the disease, as the prevalence rates are higher in virtually all ethnic groups in contrast to the Caucasian population (Kenny et al. 1995). Disease prevalence has been rising since the early 1960s; however, over the past couple of decades there has been an explosion in the incidence of diabetes. While type 2 diabetes was once a disease of the elderly, it has recently become increasingly prevalent in youth. The factors that are thought to predispose people to type 2 diabetes are: heredity, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, obesity, and lack of physical activity (Zimmet et al. 2001). Individuals with diabetes are at high risk of cardiovascular disease because the majority have hypertension, dyslipidemia, and are obese (Haffner 1998). It is estimated that, on average, people have had type 2 diabetes for up to 12 years before they are diagnosed (Harris and Eastman 1996, Harris 1993a). Research also suggests that retinopathy (eye damage) can be present as early as 7 years prior to diagnosis with diabetes and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) (Harris 1993b). The BRAID (Believing we can Reduce the Aboriginal Incidence of Diabetes) study analyzed data on 1220 Aboriginal people in Alberta who were screened for diabetes, prediabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and other cardiovascular risk factors with portable technology. Data was collected from 2001 to 2005 from 43 Aboriginal communities including Metis settlements and First Nations reserves.
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2006
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