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理由、理性和道德 [Reasons, Rationality, and Morality]
罗素 [Russell], 布鲁士 [Bruce]
罗素 [Russell], 布鲁士 [Bruce]
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Abstract
理由、理性和道德的核心问题包括：理由的本质和来源；理性的本质以及和理由 的关系；道德和理由、道德和理性之间的关系。以欲望为基础和以价值为基础（或非欲望为基 础）的理论都无法充分解释理由的来源，唯有某种混合的理论才堪当此任。理由既不是理性的 充分条件，也不是必要条件。道德的考量并非总是压倒其他考量（比如，自利的考量），做不 道德的事情未必是非理性的，但我们依然有理由教育我们的孩子：道德要求必然提供压倒一切 的行动理由，尽管这实际上并不是真的。[The central questions to ask about reasons, rationality, and morality include the following: the nature of reasons and their source; the nature of rationality and its relation to reasons; the relation between morality and reasons and morality and rationality. It seems that both desire-based and value-based (or nondesire- based) theories cannot fully explain the source of practical reasons, and only can some hybrid theory explain the source of practical reason. Moral considerations do not always override other considerations (such as self-interested ones). Nevertheless, there is reason to teach our children that moral requirements necessarily provide overriding reasons for action even if it is not literally true. ]
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2005
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With permission of the license/copyright holder