{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch36\stshfhich36\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Arabic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cheltenhm BT{\*\falt Cheltenhm BT};}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f294\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f295\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f297\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f298\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f299\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f300\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f301\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f302\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f304\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f305\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f307\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f308\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f309\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f310\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f311\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f312\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f314\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f315\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f317\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f318\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f319\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f320\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f321\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f322\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f634\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f635\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f637\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f638\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f641\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f654\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f655\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f657\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f658\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\f661\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f664\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f665\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f667\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f668\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f671\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink21 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 heading 4;}{\s5\qc \li0\ri0\sb320\sa120\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \i\caps\f36\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink24 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 heading 7;}{\s8\qc \li0\ri0\sa120\sl252\slmult1
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink25 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 heading 8;}{\s9\qc \li0\ri0\sa120\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\caps\f36\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink26 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 heading 9;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
\ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
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\sbasedon0 \snext15 \slink16 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid355412 footnote text;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink15 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid355412 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid355412 footnote reference;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs28\expnd4\expndtw20\cf18\dbch\af0 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 
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\caps\fs24\cf19\dbch\af0 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid16011158 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\expnd2\expndtw10\cf19\dbch\af0 
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Heading 9 Char;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\f36\fs18\expnd2\expndtw10\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority35 \styrsid16011158 caption;}{\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sb500\sa300\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrdot\brdrw5\brsp20\brdrcf18 \brdrb\brdrdot\brdrw5\brsp120\brdrcf18 
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink29 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid16011158 Title;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs44 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs44\expnd10\expndtw50\cf18\dbch\af0 \sbasedon10 \slink28 \slocked \spriority10 \styrsid16011158 Title Char;}{
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink31 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid16011158 Subtitle;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs18\expnd4\expndtw20\dbch\af0 \sbasedon10 \slink30 \slocked \spriority11 \styrsid16011158 Subtitle Char;}{\*\cs32 
\additive \b\expnd1\expndtw5\cf17 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid16011158 Strong;}{\*\cs33 \additive \caps\fs20\expnd1\expndtw5 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid16011158 Emphasis;}{
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No Spacing;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \spriority1 \styrsid16011158 No Spacing Char;}{\s36\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1
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\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qr \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\sb400\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrtnthsg\brdrw30\brsp20\brdrcf17 
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\insrsid15278615 Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3158396 Devil W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 ould }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3158396 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 ot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3158396 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 ome }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3158396 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 lose to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718585 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3158396 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11080094 oman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5462926 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7865226 Comment on Gisella Webb and Mohja Kahf in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7865226\charrsid12781315 Windows of Faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid11014874 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1327334 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Webb</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>689</RecNum><Prefix>Mohja Kahf`, &quot;Braiding the Stories: Wom
en&apos;s Eloquence in the Early Islamic Era`,&quot; and </Prefix><Pages>xi-xix and 147-171</Pages><record><rec-number>689</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">689</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Se
c
tion">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gisela Webb</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Gisela Webb</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>&apos;May Muslim Women Speak for Themselves, Please?&apos;</title><secondary-ti
t
le>Windows of Faith: Muslim Women Scholar-Activists in North America</secondary-title></titles><pages>xi-xix</pages><dates><year>2000</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Syracuse University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record>
</Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 Mohja Kahf, "Braiding the Stories: Women's Eloquence in the Early Islamic Era," and Gisela Webb, "'May Muslim Women Speak for Themselves, Please?'," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid1327334\charrsid1327334 Windows of Faith: Muslim Women Scholar-Activists in North America}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 , ed. Gisela Webb (New
 York: Syracuse University Press, 2000), xi-xix and 147-71.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7865226 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252744 Leonard C. Epafras }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252744\charrsid14252744 (ICRS \endash  07/259877/SMU/326)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14252744 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid735597 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li567\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid8718585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15483749 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8718585\charrsid8718585 Attention should be paid (in this connection) to what Muhammad told Khadijah about the revelation w
hen he first experienced it, and she wanted to know what it was like. She asked him to embrace her, and when he did so, it left him. Khadijah, thereupon, said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid8718585\charrsid11020493 it was an angel}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718585\charrsid8718585 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid8718585\charrsid11020493 and not a devil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718585\charrsid8718585 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid8718585\charrsid11020493 meaning that (a devil) would not come close to a woman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718585\charrsid8718585 . Sh
e also asked him what garments he liked best (for the angel) to wear during the revelation, and he replied, "White and green ones." Whereupon Khadijah said that it was an angel, meaning that green and white are the colors of goodness and of the angels. Bl
ack, on the other hand, is the color of evil and of the devils. There are other such stories.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3440595  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid3440595 Ibn Khald\'fbn, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11930707\charrsid11930707 al-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3440595\charrsid3440595 Muqaddimah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11020493 , my emphasis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3440595 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3440595 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13464777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid1327334  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Khald\'fb
n</Author><Year>1958</Year><RecNum>581</RecNum><record><rec-number>581</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">581</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</re
f-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibn Khald</style><style face="normal" font="default" charset="134" size="100%">\'fb
</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n, </style></author></authors></co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
ntributors><titles><title>The Muqaddimah: Sixth Prefatory Discussion (trans. Franz Rosenthal)</title></titles><volume>2008</volume><number>1 December</number><dates><year>1958</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqad
dimah/Chapter1/Ch_1_06.htm</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Ibn Khald\'fbn, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 The Muqaddimah: Sixth Prefatory Discussion (Trans. Franz Rosenthal)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 
 (1958 [cited 1 December 2008]); available from http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter1/Ch_1_06.htm.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12132126\charrsid3440595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16124688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11930707 The fourteenth century prominent statesman, historian, philosopher, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14908015 jurist, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid16669872 lawyer, and, what modern scholars like him the most, \'93sociologist\'94 \endash  some say, the first sociologist \endash  Ibn Khald\'fb
n, recorded a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14510650 small }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124688 episode}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16669872  about Khad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid16669872\charrsid16669872 
\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16669872 jah bint al-Khuwaylid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5598035 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14510650 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5598035 first wife of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14510650 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16669872 rophet Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292318\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid15292318\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14510650 ammad, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid419532 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14510650  her husband. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11106337 The incident was about whether Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11106337\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid11106337\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11106337 ammad truly encounter the God-sent ange}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637534 
l or it simply a devil attempt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11106337  to posses him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14957158 One of the chapters of his magnum opus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14957158\charrsid14957158 
The Muqadimmah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid14957158 , Ibn Khald\'fbn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5785186 wrote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14957158  a long prefatory for his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11106337 world history. The chapter was about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14957158 inspiration and dream visions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid14957158 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13464777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ibn Khald\'fbn</Autho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
r><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>534</RecNum><Prefix>&quot;The Sixth Prefatory Discussion`,&quot; in </Prefix><Pages>71-89</Pages><record><rec-number>534</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">534</key></foreign-key
s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid1327334 
><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibn Khald</style><style face="normal" font="default" charset="134" size="100%">\'fb
</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n,</st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
yle></author></authors><subsidiary-authors><author>Franz Rosenthal</author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>The Muqaddimah. An Introduction to History</title><secondary-title>Bollinger Series</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2005</
year></dates><pub-location>Princeton and Oxford</pub-location><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 
"The Sixth Prefatory Discussion," in Ibn Khald\'fbn, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 The Muqaddimah. An Introduction to History}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 
, trans. Franz Rosenthal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Bollinger Series}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 
 (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005), 71-89.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5785186 
 Earlier part of it devoted for historical and scientific proof of the Prophet, and his exceptionality, and that of his trustworthiness of his divine messages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14514754 Interestingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4015364 as the above story tells us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid14514754 , Khad\'eejah confirmation of his revelatory reception was a decisive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4786557 confirmation that Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4786557\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid4786557\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4786557 ammad }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16322373 was a truly messenger of God}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid32720  and the first revelation he received from Gabriel was not a daydreaming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16322373 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid15223681 The account presented by Ibn Khald
\'fbn was in fact, a very personal one, near-legendary style}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5244200  even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681 , but it was listed along with other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10906494 
traditional, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681 \'93scientific\'94 and \'93sociological\'94 argumentation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid470993 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10906494 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16647462 It is interesting to know that the earlier formation of Islam, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4922207 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16647462 wom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4922207 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16647462 n took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid673349 great }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16647462 significant part. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8681218 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid603314 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid15223681 Khad\'eejah was re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5078011 
corded in the Islamic tradition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5078011 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681 the first person who believe Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15223681\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid15223681\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681 ammad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13502890 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15223681  mission and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1253432 even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15223681 the first Muslim(ah). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789582 Nonetheless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15223681 , even though }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid15997823 Khad\'eejah ranked among the exemplary women and promine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997823 nt figure in the biography literatures of the Prophet, she rarely }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13464777 appears}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15997823  in the exegetical works.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid14357706 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13464777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Stowasser</Aut
hor><RecNum>698</RecNum><Pages>III: 80</Pages><record><rec-number>698</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">698</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Encyclopedia">53</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ba
r
bara Freyer Stowasser</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Jane Dammen McAuliffe</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khad</style><style face="normal" font="default" charset="134
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid1327334  size="100%">\'ee
ja</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encyclopaedia of the Qur&apos;</style><style face="normal" font="default" charset="134" size="100%">\'e2n</style></secondary-title></titles><pages>80-81</pages><v}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 olume>III</volume><num-vols>6</num-vols><dates></dates><pub-location>Leiden, etc.</pub-location><publisher>Brill</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f661\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Barbara Freyer Stowasser, "Khad\'eeja," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f661\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Encyclopaedia of the Qur'\'e2n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 , ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe (Leiden, etc.: Brill), III: 80.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13464777  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15236474 situation somehow reflected the general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3608963 pattern }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15236474 of the position of women in the Islamic history, that of mostly they }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7543653 belong to the \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid616874 memory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7543653 \'94 rather than \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid616874 history proper.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7543653 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2763982  If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10107512 it is true that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2763982 the history }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1179921 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2763982  belong to the powerful, then the women }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10107512 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2763982 belong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7554247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2763982 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055509 memory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11478229 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11478229 memory that interwoven into the standard topos of history. Women }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7554247 either reified as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16604459 subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4613580 with}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7554247 in the classical pre- and early Islamic literary works, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4613580 such as the story of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4613580\charrsid4613580 
Bilqis, the queen of Sheba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4613580 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4613580\charrsid4613580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7554247 and/or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12980989 
celebrated as professional poets}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7554247 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 Sarah, a contemporary of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612 prophet Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid15810612\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612 ammad }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 
and a member of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612 Jewish tribe of Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 urayz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 \}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 a, wrote verses so beautiful that they appear in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 Kitab al-Aghani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612\charrsid15810612 , a cla}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612 ssic anthology of Arabic poetry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid11084684 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11084684 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Carlan</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>696</RecNum><record><rec-number>696</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">696</key></foreign
-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sara Carlan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Book Review: Bitton, Mich\'e9le. Po\'e9tesses et lettr\'e9es juives: Une m\'e9moire \'e9clips\'e9
e</title><secondary-title>Women in Judaism</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Women in Judaism</full-title></periodical><volume>3</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2002</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Sara Carlan, "Book Review: Bitton, Mich\'e9le. Po\'e9tesses Et Lettr\'e9es Juives: Une M\'e9moire \'c9clips\'e9e," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Women in Judaism}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  3, no. 1 (2002).}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15810612  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150048 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074455 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 urther development }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074455 
of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074455 , after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5191241 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 
 became a full-fledged religious system, roughly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 the second and third century of Islamic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 Year (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8157470 ca. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid15486176\charrsid14043586 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 /9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid15486176\charrsid14043586 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 c. CE)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767783 which }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 equipped with mature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 systematic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 legal system}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 theologies, philosophies, and all of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13714749 apparatus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14570613 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237852 
, the position of women within the society }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid603314 and before the law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237852 more or less }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9265633 stable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14570613 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6691922 From }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10095053 this point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6691922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid603314 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6691922 ward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10095053 , their role in the larger conversation and public sphere slowly faded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9842057  away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10095053 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11930707 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11696949 At this point, the work of Mohja Kahf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15292374 extremely important}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4930724 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9842057  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4930724 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9842057 
to reassess the presumably minor role of women in the early formation of Islam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6642899 Contrary to the wide-held view, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4930724 he a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1915962 sserted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4930724  that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6642899 in fact, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4930724 \'93Women\rquote 
s words are woven into the whole range of early Islamic texts,\'94 (p. 147).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1583227  The \'93wovens\'94 she mentioned are cultural memory buried in the standard narrative of Islam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13333498 Kahf, a modern American Muslimah, attempted, not only to recover }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2572998 meticulously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13333498 
this layer of memory, but also revive and activate it for the present }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15152090 audience}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13333498 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15152090 
She begins the revival process with \lquote Um }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid723847 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15152090 aid interlocution, \'93Aunt, tell me your account,\'94 (p. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3936185 148), }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3936185\charrsid3936185 haddithini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3936185  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3936185\charrsid3936185 akhbirin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3936185 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3936185 , \'93speak to me!\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 \lquote Um Said was a prominent woman figure in the early Islam. Through her story, Kahf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713317 is once again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 wanted us to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713317 hear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713317 
voice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10305293  desirous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 , and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14445672 vo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10305293 ices of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 women }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8797178 stood in line}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14445672  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8797178 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2250544 her}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14445672  back}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713317 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10305293 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15808075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6777128 As the objectified memory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11478229 history}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6777128  differs from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11478229  memory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6777128 . Memory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11478229 
 is a cognitive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444927 device that catalyzes emotions, senses, participation, pain, joy, togetherness, and ultimately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12540890 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444927 
 community}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2234661 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid10295042 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10295042 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Aguilar</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>697</RecNum><Pages>60</Pages><record><rec-number>697</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="
EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">697</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mario I. Aguilar</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Archaeology of Memory and the Issue 
o
f Colonialism: Mimesis and the Controversial Tribute to Caesar in Mark 12:13-17</title><secondary-title>Biblical Theology Bulletin</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Biblical Theology Bulletin</full-title></periodical><pages>60-66</pages><v
olume>35</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 
Mario I. Aguilar, "The Archaeology of Memory and the Issue of Colonialism: Mimesis and the Controversial Tribute to Caesar in Mark 12:13-17," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Biblical Theology Bulletin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  35, no. 2 (2005): 60.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10295042\charrsid10295042  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688332 Meanw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4394812 hile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688332 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12929930  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1903105 
the specificity of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10295042  cultural memory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid10295042 is characterized by its distance from the everyday. It concen\-
trates on fixed events of the past whose memory is maintained through cultural formation (texts, rituals, monuments, etc).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\cf20\super\insrsid5589727 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5589727 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Assman</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>699</RecNum><Pages>125-133</Pages><record><rec-number>699</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztv
rrde2rdw">699</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Assman, Jan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Collective Memory and Cultural Identities</title><secondary-title>New German Critiqu
e</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>New German Critique</full-title></periodical><pages>125-133</pages><number>65</number><dates><year>1995</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Jan Assman, "Collective Memory and Cultural Identities," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 New German Critique}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 , no. 65 (1995): 125-33.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid1903105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf20\insrsid1851389 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid7763614 t is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid1851389 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid5594794 contribute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf20\insrsid7763614  
significantly to the formation of identity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1903105 Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3936185 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 he importance of the link }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2234661 Kahf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5594794 attempted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 forge is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929 more than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8656157 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929  better understanding of the past event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9912245 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929  but programmatically is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 
to find an Islamic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5793816 answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 modern Muslimah problems}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9912245 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5594794 while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8656157 at the same time \'93escaping}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7537929 \'94 from the charm of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 \'93Western feminism discourse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1320390 For the above concern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7537929 , s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 he is more than a visitor of literary text. She opens }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539019 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15292374\charrsid14558903 ijtihad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374  from different venue, i.e. by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1589107 historical investigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827108 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1589107 the taciturn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15292374 memory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1589107 insinuated in the male-centered text }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15292374 of early Islam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7688247 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242 Her work is meant to knock down the cultural imagination induced by American media that Muslim women are \'93
an oppressed or mute victim,\'94 as Gisela Webb put it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7688247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7688247\charrsid7688247  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7688247 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7688247\charrsid7688247 to \'93initiate a critique of androcentric attitudes toward religion\'94 (p. 171).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371394 
At this point, her achievement is more than the whole volume of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10371394\charrsid10371394 Windows of Faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371394  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 demand}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371394 , which is to give Muslim women voices of their own. If it comes to its maturity, this study is a significant step to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085282 refine the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7788 standard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085282 version of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 Islamic history}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085282 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 or else }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085282 an alternative of it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371394 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16600128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242 
Kahf demonstrated that since the very beginning of Islam, even earlier there were complex strategies of women to keep their visibility }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15684106 and audacity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242 in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242 conversation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3803521 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 i.e. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3803521 
with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3803521  the discourse of manhood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3417242 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723702 She started }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7788 this by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid683183 analysis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15301526 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10040175 rhetorical art in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13723702 the classical Arabic culture }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10040175 called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723702  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13723702\charrsid13723702 balagha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13723702  (\'93eloquence\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10033514 Surprisingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8600561 according to her finding, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10033514 
since the pre-Islamic era, women }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504369 involvement in this art was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10033514  significant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5332989 The eloquence through b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4606657 eautiful and effective wording}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11498977 , especially through poetry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4606657  and performance was imprint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4785956 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4606657  until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960476 nowa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4606657 day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960476 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4606657  in the Qur\rquote anic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1385819 chanting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4606657 by Muslims throughout the world. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6367832 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6367832\charrsid5458288 balagha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6367832  activities allow both sexes to involve in. Kahf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6031513 indica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6367832 
ted that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956 hrough }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4785956\charrsid4785956 balaghat al-nisa\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956  (women\rquote 
s eloquence) women marginality could be compensated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6031513 . However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6031513 the prominence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6031513\charrsid4785956 balaghat al-nisa\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11206796  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956 assumingly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15622636 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4785956 prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15622636 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956  the scarcity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11206796 women}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11629265 appearance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12335699 in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785956 male-centered society \endash  there was no such a \'93men\rquote 
s eloquence\'94 because of its apparent ubiquity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16600128 In large part, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8202130 his was a popular cultural activities carried out by professional poets and even commoners.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858  Khalf also introduced another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6960857 concept of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6960857\charrsid8202130 mujadila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6960857  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3942641 fem. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6960857 \'93interlocutor,\'94 lit. \'93she who argues/dispute\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8202130  It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11089987 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8202130 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3942641 a woman who initiated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8202130 public eloquence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3942641 for furthering her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8202130 so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3942641 cial matters. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858 
This eloquence, as the name implied was meant to interpellate or proposing interlocution, or even interrupt of the ongoing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3761510 male }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858 
discussion. The importance of these two concepts for women was that in this arena (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13713858\charrsid13713858 balagha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858 ) and role (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13713858\charrsid13713858 mujadila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858 ) th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13587645 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713858  the space available for them to maneuver. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429191 Khalf pointed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13587645 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429191 even more significant role of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14429191\charrsid1209313 
mujadila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429191  in the story of Qaila bint Makhram, a Bedouin women who pledge her situation to the Prophet Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429191\charrsid15292318 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\insrsid14429191\charrsid15292318 \{}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429191 ammad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4926842 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993547 Bedouins were nomadic group who in the construction of Ibn Khal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f661\insrsid15993547 d\'fbn history is a symbol of the pristine simplicity and \'93primitivism\'94 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f661\insrsid15993547\charrsid15993547 al-'umr\'e2n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15993547 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f661\insrsid15993547\charrsid15993547 -badaw\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993547 ) as against the sedentary (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f661\insrsid15993547\charrsid15993547 al-'umr\'e2n al-had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\insrsid15993547\charrsid15993547 \}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f661\insrsid15993547\charrsid15993547 ar\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15993547 ). Bedouin women in certain circumstance, as the case of Qaila is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13587645 even more }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993547 vulnerable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13587645 
 than other women in the non-Bedouin society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15993547 , thus her pledge (eloquence) before the Prophet was noted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6901346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5057128 Kahf concluded that, \'93Women produce discourse in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5057128\charrsid7492909 mujadila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5057128  mode in part because of marginalization from other routes of access of power\'94 (p. 168)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6572326 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14054349  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5513702 The social arrangement of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5513702\charrsid5513702 mujadila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5513702 
 interpellated the male circle in one way is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9585603 mark of women submission to the male domination, as there were thick mannerism }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 (way of asking and respond, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1582777 and so forth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9585603 in the discourse, as to confirm Althusser observation that interpellation enforces soc
ial class and role of the subject. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 However, Kahf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1582777  study }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1582777 
about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 domination/dominated discourse, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1582777 but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 
about the women strategy to foreground their interest through the possible means. Even as in some cases presented, she pushed further by saying that it is, \'93a discourse of manhood in woman-centered terms\'94 (p. 171).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5057128 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13005438 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 
This may recall Judith Butler, a prominent feminism theorist that against the long tradition of feminist scholarship, that treated the women condition were entirely constrained by external and social imposition, she argued that the social norms are \'93
the necessary ground through which the subject is realized and comes to enact her agency.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid16085553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085553 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahmood</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>356</RecNum><Prefix>In </Prefix><Pages>19</Pages><record><rec-number>356</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id=
"0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">356</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahmood, Saba</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject</
title></titles><dates><year>2005</year></dates><pub-location>Princeton</pub-location><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 In Saba Mahmood, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 19.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4216142 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 subject is produced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4216142 , as Foucauldian construction tells us, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 
simultaneously through a necessary repudiation of identities, forms of subjectivities, and discursive logics, what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4216142 Butler }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 calls }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4216142 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16085553 a constitutive outside to the subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4216142 .\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid16085553 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3024874 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs18\super\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874\charrsid13042445  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahmood</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>356</RecNum><record><rec-number>356</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">356
</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahmood, Saba</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject</title></titles><dates><year>2005</year></d
ates><pub-location>Princeton</pub-location><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3024874 Ibid.}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1582777  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4943487 Modern/secular feminism tends to see the woman personhood in terms of relative autonomy }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3506010 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11346160 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4943487 individual from the social.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid204562  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9532091 While recent studies, for example by Saba Mahmood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6751080 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9532091  showed different understanding in the case of Muslimah.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\super\insrsid9532091 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9532091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f36\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs18\super\insrsid9532091\charrsid13042445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid9532091\charrsid13042445  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid1327334  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mahmood</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>356</RecNum><Pages>18</Pages><record
><rec-number>356</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="0eevd9td4rxw2met9vjpvwae9ztvrrde2rdw">356</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mahmood, Saba</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Po
litics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject</title></titles><dates><year>2005</year></dates><pub-location>Princeton</pub-location><publisher>Princeton University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid9532091\charrsid13042445 Ibid., 18.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj }}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9532091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13252010 Similar observation also stated by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid204562 Webb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13252010  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid204562 , \'93The approach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13252010 [of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13252010\charrsid13252010 Windows of Faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13252010 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid204562 
is a frontal challenge to a perceived chauvinism, a new patriarchy, that \lquote the Western\rquote  feminists \endash  perhaps unwittingly \endash 
 did not see developing in their own ranks toward Muslim women (and other non-European women and their cultures), whose assumptions were crystallized in the \lquote universalist\rquote  assumptions underlying the United Nations platform on women\rquote 
s rights\'94 (p. xiii). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13252010 Kahf\rquote s finding, in my opinion is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13005438 definitely in accordance with this trend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13252010  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4943487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14963400 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406486 In order t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 
o grasp the whole spirit of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9593473\charrsid12351449 Window\rquote s of Faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 , it is important to allow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14963400 other }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 modern }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9593473\charrsid9593473 mujadillas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9593473\charrsid9593473 
mujadillas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406486 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 interlocutors \'93are not poets, orators, or storytellers,\'94
 and in modern sense, are not scholar-activists \endash  to voice out their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14963400 plead and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 beautiful proverbs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11696949 
However, Webb correctly remarked that to hear the off-stage, hidden, and tacit memory of Muslim women, need a posture of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11696949\charrsid11696949 khabarini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11696949 
, that is \'93be willing to listen to the self-generated discourse.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9593473 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13917930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2640368 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707170 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2640368  ADDIN EN.REFLIST }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid1327334\charrsid1327334 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1327334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid1327334 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13917930 }}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl252\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13917930 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5462926\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13917930 
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